تحليل حكم ”أصحُّ شيء“ في كتاب التلخيص الحبير: دراسة حول درجة الحديث الضعيف
Analysis of the Predicate “Aṣaḥḥu Shayʾ’” in the Book al-Talkhis al-Habir: A Study on the Status of Weak Hadiths
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jmqs.v21i1.526Keywords:
al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr, al-Talkhīṣ al-Ḥabīr, Ibn Ḥajar, al-RāfiʿīAbstract
This study affirms the theory held by hadith scholars that the expression “aṣaḥḥu shayʾ” (“the most authentic version”) does not necessarily imply a ruling of ṣaḥīḥ (authenticity), even though the term appears to indicate a superlative meaning. This theory is examined in the context of the book al-Talkhīṣ al-Ḥabīr, which is regarded as an influential work in both hadith studies and the Shāfiʿī school of jurisprudence. The use of the term “aṣaḥḥu shayʾ” can be traced back to Abū Dāwūd, who was influenced by Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, and was later adopted by subsequent scholars. This study employs a qualitative method, using library research to collect data. The data obtained consists of secondary sources, including contemporary articles, modern academic works, and classical Islamic texts. The analytical approach used is descriptive-analytical, with conclusions drawn through inductive reasoning. The findings reveal that al-Talkhīṣ al-Ḥabīr contains weak hadiths that are nevertheless labeled as “the most authentic in this chapter”. Among them are two notably weak hadiths: the hadith on the number of takbīrāt in the Eid prayer—stating that the Prophet ﷺ used to pronounce seven takbīrs in the first rakʿah and five in the second—and the hadith of Ṣalāt al-Tasbīḥ in which the Prophet ﷺ is reported to have said to al-ʿAbbās: “O ʿAbbās, O my uncle, shall I not bestow something upon you? Shall I not gift you something?” This study aims to help prevent successive errors that may lead to misunderstandings in the authentication of hadiths and in deriving legal rulings.
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