Penggunaan Sumber al-Quran dan Hadith dalam Dawā’ al-Qulūb Karya Shaykh Muḥammad Khaṭīb Langgien
Qurʾānic and Prophetic Foundations in Dawāʾ al-Qulūb min al-ʿUyūb: A Content Analysis of Shaykh Muḥammad Khaṭīb Langgien’s Sufi Pedagogy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jmqs.v22i1.606Keywords:
Dawā’ al-Qulūb, Muḥammad Khaṭīb Langgien, Quran, Hadith, content analysis, manuscript studiesAbstract
Knowledge has remained a foundational pillar in Islamic intellectual tradition since the Prophetic era, shaping educational thought and praxis across regions, including the Malay World. Within this milieu, the 19th-century Acehnese scholar Shaykh Muḥammad Khaṭīb Langgien emerges as a significant yet understudied figure, particularly through his Sufi work Dawāʾ al-Qulūb min al-ʿUyūb. Despite its recognized importance, both the authorial background and the textual status of this work remain insufficiently explored. This study therefore aims to critically examine the application of Qurʾānic verses and Prophetic traditions within the text, while determining its nature as an original composition, translation, adaptation, or summary. Employing a qualitative content analysis methodology grounded in manuscript studies, the research analyses the extant manuscript and lithographic editions, focusing on 20 Qurʾānic citations and 29 ḥadīth narrations. The findings reveal that the text systematically integrates scriptural sources to construct a coherent framework of spiritual ethics centred on purification of the heart, discipline of the limbs, and cultivation of virtuous character. While the majority of Qurʾānic citations are accurate, minor textual inconsistencies are identified, and the ḥadīth corpus reflects varying levels of authenticity, including ṣaḥīḥ, ḥasan, ḍaʿīf, and untraceable reports. Importantly, the work demonstrates substantial originality despite thematic and structural affinities with earlier Sufi texts, particularly those of al-Ghazālī and al-Palimbānī, indicating an adaptive yet independent scholarly contribution. This study thus establishes Dawāʾ al-Qulūb as a legitimate and authoritative work within the Malay-Islamic intellectual tradition, highlighting Shaykh Muḥammad Khaṭīb Langgien’s role in synthesizing Qurʾānic and Prophetic guidance into a localized Sufi pedagogical discourse.
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