توضيح أدلة المسائل الفقهية في شرح أحاديث المعاملات المالية: دراسة منهجية تحليلة لتكملة فتح الملهم

Clarifying the Evidence in Fiqh Issues in The Commentary on Hadiths of Financial Transactions: A Methodological and Analytical Study of Takmilat Fatḥ Al-Mulhim

الملخص

The book of Takmīlat Fatḥ al-Mulhim bi Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Imām Muslim by Shaykh Muhammad Taqī al-ʿUthmānī is considered one of the most important commentaries on Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. It is a continuation of the commentary on Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Fatḥ al-Mulhim, by Shaykh Shabīr Aḥmad al-ʿUthmānī, which remained unfinished after his death. Shaykh Muhammad Taqī al-ʿUthmānī has adopted his own unique methodology in composing and explaining the work, distinguishing Takmilah Fath al-Mulhim from Fath al-Mulhim in several respects, including his articulation of the methodology that he pointed in the introduction of the book in ten key points, without delving into details. One notable aspect of this is his focus on clarifying and discussing the evidence in both the chain of transmission (sanad) and the textual content (matn). This study examines this specific methodology, the attention given to clarifying the evidence in fiqh issues, through a methodological and analytical study of the Hadith commentary on financial transactions in Takmilah Fath al-Mulhim, focusing solely on the textual content due to the research scope. The researcher employed the inductive method to explore the Hadiths on financial transactions in the book and its commentary, followed by the analytical method to analyse and clarify the methodology of evidential clarity in fiqh issues in the financial transaction Hadiths according to the author. To achieve the objective, the study is presented in two sections. First, the explanation of evidential reasoning. Second, the explanation of evidential preference (tarjīḥ). The study concluded with four significant findings. First, the author's emphasis on clarifying the contextual meaning of the Hadith which becomes one of his distinguishing features, serving as a method for resolving conflicting Hadith meanings; Second, his frequent elaborating on Hanafi evidences when they differ from the majority opinion; Third, his extensive citing scholars' views from fiqh and Hadith commentaries with proper attribution, demonstrating his academic integrity; Fourth, his presenting the evidences and their differences including providing preferences with varying methodologies and relevant factors in his analysis.